{"id":2434,"date":"2024-05-21T14:16:17","date_gmt":"2024-05-21T14:16:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/?p=2434"},"modified":"2026-01-21T13:32:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T13:32:55","slug":"exclusion-in-digital-libraries-a-comparison-of-four-different-sites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/exclusion-in-digital-libraries-a-comparison-of-four-different-sites\/","title":{"rendered":"Exclusion in Digital Libraries: A comparison of four different sites"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2434\" class=\"elementor elementor-2434\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-241d390c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"241d390c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25ec8c28\" data-id=\"25ec8c28\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49a28353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"49a28353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exclusion_in_Digital_Libraries_A_comparison_of_four_different_sites\"><\/span>Exclusion in Digital Libraries: A comparison of four different sites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7189d2e0 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-end elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"7189d2e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-hashtag\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Exclusion<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b0ca182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2b0ca182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74fa47b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74fa47b3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52066116\" data-id=\"52066116\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c495024 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c495024\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7951b69b\" data-id=\"7951b69b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441e3795 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"441e3795\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_does_this_case_study_involve\"><\/span>Who does this case study involve?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59b22cd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59b22cd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Participants in Digital Libraries<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-36e66617\" data-id=\"36e66617\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-297e82be elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"297e82be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/undraw_People_re_8spw-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-2394\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432d34ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"432d34ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56b0e406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56b0e406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_case\"><\/span>The case<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f9de44b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f9de44b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This study highlights an essential aspect of the design process, which is the importance of understanding the environment and social context in which IT systems are going to be used. It does this by exploring the introduction and use of digital libraries in four different settings (three clinical and one academic). These settings were studied over a 4-year period and involved 144 users \u2013 including end-users, librarians, designers, and management, and their views were gathered, compared, and contrasted to identify relevant issues, using Grounded Theory, and the critical lens of \u201ccommunities of practice\u201d in its analysis.<\/p><p>The notion of \u201ccommunities of practice\u201d suggests that learning is not simply the formal acquisition of knowledge, but it also has a social element that should not be ignored. Learning is through participation in a community, and new members are brought into knowledge communities, and they can improve and transform those communities.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The digital libraries were implemented in three different ways across those four settings:<\/p><ul><li><em>The Traditional Approach<\/em>: Making the digital library available on existing computer systems (in their offices and the library).<\/li><li><em>The Shared Space Approach<\/em>: Making the digital library available via computer systems in shared spaces (e.g. hospital wards).<\/li><li><em>The Information Intermediaries Approach<\/em>: Making the digital library available via information intermediaries who liaise with users as a community.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53c62d2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53c62d2e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cba0b88\" data-id=\"1cba0b88\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-504dcfd4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"504dcfd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e2815b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e2815b7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a0f83a\" data-id=\"a0f83a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47ad727d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47ad727d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Findings\"><\/span>Findings<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13745398 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13745398\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-674b0e40\" data-id=\"674b0e40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21ab8fa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21ab8fa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Interestingly, the different approaches, in their different contexts, resulted in different perceptions of the technology, as follows:<\/p><ul><li>The <em>Traditional Approach<\/em> made the users feel the digital library was not relevant to the current needs of the individuals and community.<\/li><li>The <em>Shared Space Approach<\/em> had an even worse impact, where there were poor design, support, and implementation procedures; this resulted in the perception that it was a threat to current organizational structures.<\/li><li>The <em>Information Intermediaries Approach<\/em> was the most successful, where it could adapt and change practices according to individual and group needs, was seen as empowering to both the community and the individual.<\/li><\/ul><p>Ultimately this research shows that if IT systems are designed and implemented on untested assumptions, they will result in exclusion. The three different approaches in this work showed that if the systems are designed on the assumption of individual use of digital libraries, they will be unsuccessful, whereas if the community is part of the design of the system, and it is structured and presented well, there will be less exclusion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c3534f3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7c3534f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c4f7c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6c4f7c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24fb966a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24fb966a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Adams, A., Blandford, A. and Lunt, P. (2005) \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/1067860.1067863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social empowerment and exclusion: a case study on digital libraries<\/a>\u201d. <em>ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)<\/em>, 12(2), pp.174-200.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exclusion in Digital Libraries: A comparison of four different sites Exclusion Who does this case study involve? Participants in Digital Libraries The case This study highlights an essential aspect of the design process, which is the importance of understanding the environment and social context in which IT systems are going to be used. It does [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"zakra_sidebar_layout":"customizer","zakra_remove_content_margin":false,"zakra_sidebar":"customizer","zakra_transparent_header":"customizer","zakra_logo":0,"zakra_main_header_style":"default","zakra_menu_item_color":"","zakra_menu_item_hover_color":"","zakra_menu_item_active_color":"","zakra_menu_active_style":"","zakra_page_header":false,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exclusion-case-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2434"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3719,"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2434\/revisions\/3719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ascnet.ie\/inclusion4eu-website\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}